Water Disinfecting Module, Systems and Methods

ABSTRACT

Water disinfecting modules, water supply systems, methods of assembling a water supply system as well as method of disinfecting water are provided. The water disinfecting module includes a frame, hot and cold water flow switches and hot and cold UV treatment modules is provided. The frame supports a hot and cold water inlets and hot and cold water outlets. Hot and cold water flow switches are fluidly interposed between the respective inlets and outlets for sensing water flow. Hot and cold water UV treatment modules are fluidly interposed between corresponding inlets and outlets and are coupled to flow switches for activation upon sensing of water flow. All of the components are supported by the frame to form a complete unit. The systems and methods incorporate the use of such a water disinfecting module.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a National Stage Entry of International Application Number PCT/US2021/013016 filed Jan. 12, 2021, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/789,187 filed Feb. 12, 2020, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,894,726 issued Jan. 19, 2021, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention generally relates to water disinfecting devices for installation at a point of use.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs) are a growing concern in healthcare facilities. Legionella Pneumophila, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, and Escherichia Coli are among a number of water borne pathogens that cause HAIs, leading to longer patient stays and higher medical costs.

Controlling the organisms in the water system before exposing patients and healthcare workers should lead to a reduction of HAIs. When organisms are exposed to sufficient amounts of Short Wavelength Ultraviolet Light (UV-C), their DNA is disrupted leaving them unable to perform vital cellular functions, thus disinfecting the water.

While it may be easy to include water disinfecting devices in new construction, it is more difficult and time consuming to implement water disinfecting devices in existing healthcare facilities. For example, most water supply arrangements, e.g. faucets, are mounted to a counter adjacent a sink. However, there may be limited places to mount or install a disinfecting device below the counter in existing facilities. Further, there may be limited access to electricity.

Further, some options for disinfecting water are applied where the water comes into the facility which is typically remote from the faucet where the water is dispensed such that there is a significant amount of piping between where the water is disinfected and then ultimately dispensed, e.g. the faucet.

Therefore, there is a need in the art to provide for simple and easy retrofit options for disinfecting water as well as for disinfecting the water close to the point of use. Embodiments of the present invention are aimed at rectifying one or more of these issues.

Additionally, beyond healthcare facilities; hotels, resorts, and residences can suffer from water supply systems which are infected with microorganisms. In many countries there may be little or no residual disinfectant, such as chloramine or chlorine compounds, used in the water supply making those systems particularly susceptible. Sampling for the presence of microorganisms in these water supply systems may be infrequent which could leave a window of time where infection due to unsafe water contact is possible.

Ultraviolet light emitting diodes (LEDs) which emit radiation in wavelengths shorter than 300 nm have wall plug efficiencies below 10 percent. Wall plug efficiency can be defined as the ratio of the optical output power of the LED to the input electrical power. A 10% wall plug efficiency would indicate that 90% of the input power is not converted to optical power but instead the majority of that is lost to heat. Semiconductor devices such as light emitting diodes (LEDs) operate most effectively when the temperature of the device does not exceed the manufacturer's recommended rating. This ensures the optical output power as well as the operational lifetime of the device is maintained in a quantifiable manner. Disinfection systems, like the present invention, rely on the optical output power and optical power decay (operational lifetime) to ensure disinfection performance over the lifetime of the system. It is necessary then to create a system where this is possible. In a flowing system, this may be accomplished by limiting the operational on time of the device to when the water is flowing and/or by controlling the temperature of the device.

One method of limiting the on time of the disinfection system would be to have a flow switch which provides a signal to the LED circuit where the decision will be made to turn the LED source(s) on or off based on the signal. Flow switch technology is readily available, and can generate a signal using various methods. One method uses the fluid flow to move a paddle or a shuttle/piston to create the signal; another method measures acoustic waves generated in a pipe using a piezo. Thermal methods such as calorimetric are also used. While flow switches using all of these methods are commercially available, finding a flow switch which is compact, rated for high pressure, and sensitive to very small flow rates which may occur if someone does not fully open a faucet tap, may be difficult. In addition, flow switches are not typically used in faucets so many are not built to withstand the pressures required in building supply systems, faucets, hospitals and the like. Moreover, systems being fit to existing faucets, would require a flow switch integrated inside the system.

Building water supply systems and the plumbing contained within are mandated or regulated in most countries to meet certain burst and operating pressure standards, such as ASME A112.18.1-2012/CSA B125.1-12.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Embodiments of the present invention provide new and improved water disinfecting modules, water supply systems incorporating water disinfecting modules, methods of assembling a water supply system as well as method of disinfecting water.

In a particular embodiment, a water disinfecting module including a frame, hot and cold water flow switches and hot and cold UV treatment modules is provided. The frame supports a hot water inlet, a hot water outlet, a cold water inlet and a cold water outlet. The hot water flow switch is fluidly interposed between the hot water inlet and hot water outlet sensing a hot water flow into the disinfection module. The hot water flow switch is supported by the frame. The hot water UV treatment module is fluidly interposed between the hot water inlet and hot water outlet. The hot water UV treatment module is operably coupled to the hot water flow switch for activation of the hot water UV treatment module upon sensing of the hot water flow. The hot water UV treatment module is supported by the frame. The cold water flow switch is fluidly interposed between the cold water inlet and cold water outlet sensing a cold water flow from the cold water inlet to the cold water outlet. The cold water flow switch is supported by the frame. The cold water UV treatment module is fluidly interposed between the cold water inlet and cold water outlet. The cold water UV treatment module is operably coupled to the cold water flow switch for activation of the cold water UV treatment module upon sensing of the cold water flow. The cold water UV treatment module is supported by the frame.

In a particular embodiment, the frame is a housing having an internal cavity with the hot and cold water flow switches and hot and cold water UV treatment modules being located within the internal cavity. In one embodiment, a single pressure vessel contains both the hot water flow switch and the hot water UV treatment module. A separate pressure vessel contains both the cold water flow switch and the cold water UV treatment module.

In a particular embodiment, a controller operably couples the hot water flow switch with the hot water UV treatment module to activate the hot water UV treatment module upon sensing the flow of hot water. The controller operably couples the cold water flow switch with the cold water UV treatment module to activate the cold water UV treatment module upon sensing the flow of cold water. The controller is supported by the housing and located within the internal cavity.

In one embodiment, the flow switches comprise a magnet and shuttle. Fluid flow pushes the magnet into proximity of a circuit board housed within a metal shell which contains the UV source(s) of the UV treatment module. The metal shell also serves as a thermal conductor to remove heat from the circuit board and UV source(s) via the flow of the fluid on the exterior or back side of the thermally conductive, e.g., metal, shell, opposite the side containing the UV source(s).

In another embodiment, the flow switches are comprised of two thermal sensors where one sensor is held at a thermal constant and the other sensor is in thermal contact with the fluid. The differential between the two sensors is used to determine if water is flowing.

In one embodiment, the flow switches comprise a magnet and shuttle. Fluid flow pushes the magnet into proximity of a circuit board housed within the pressure vessel. The circuit board sends a signal to another circuit board, which may also be housed within the pressure vessel. One of the circuit boards also contains the UV sources and the signal is used to turn the UV sources on.

In a particular embodiment, a cold water flow path extends between the cold water inlet and cold water outlet. A hot water flow path extends between the hot water inlet and hot water outlet. The embodiment further includes a cold water cooling block or reservoir adjacent the hot water UV treatment module for cooling UV LEDS within the UV treatment module. The embodiment includes a cold water bleed line fluidly connecting the cold water flow path with the cold water cooling block or reservoir such that a portion of the cold water flow is supplied to the cold water cooling block or reservoir. The cold water cooling block or reservoir is fluidly connected to the hot water flow path such that after the portion of cold water passes through the cold water bleed line and the cold water cooling block or reservoir, the water flows into the hot water flow path. The bleed line is located within the housing and/or supported by the frame.

In a particular embodiment, the cold water cooling block or reservoir is fluidly connected to the hot water flow path upstream of the hot water UV treatment module such that the portion of the cold water flow that passes through the cold water cooling or reservoir mixes with the hot water flow prior to passing through the hot water UV treatment module.

In one embodiment, a check valve prevents hot water from flowing from the hot water flow path through the cold water bleed line to the cold water flow path.

In one embodiment, a single power supply cable passing into the internal cavity of the housing, power for powering the hot and cold water UV treatment modules being operably provided by the single power supply cable.

In one embodiment, the housing, hot and cold water flow switches, hot and cold water UV treatment modules and power supply cable are a self-contained and unitary unit.

In one embodiment, at least one LED indicator that can be selectively activated to provide an operational state of the water disinfecting module.

In a further embodiment, a water supply arrangement including a water disinfecting module as outlined above is provided. The water supply arrangement further includes a faucet. The faucet includes: a faucet cold water inlet operably coupled to the cold water outlet of the water disinfecting module; a faucet hot water inlet operably coupled to the hot water outlet of the water disinfecting module; a faucet outlet operably fluidly connected to the faucet hot and cold water inlets; and one or more valves operably interposed between the faucet cold water inlet, faucet hot water inlet, and faucet outlet for controlling the flows of hot and cold water from the faucet cold and hot water inlets to the faucet outlet.

In a further embodiment, a method of assembling the water supply arrangement is provided. The method includes providing a water disinfecting module in a fully assembled state, prior to performing the following steps: connecting the faucet cold water inlet operably to the cold water outlet of the unit; connecting the faucet hot water inlet operably to the hot water outlet of the unit; connecting a supply of hot water to the hot water inlet of the unit; and connecting a supply of cold water to the cold water inlet of the unit.

In a more particular method, the method includes simultaneously mounting the hot and cold water flow switches, hot and cold UV treatment modules to a support structure by mounting the frame to the support structure.

Further, methods of disinfecting water by retrofitting an existing water supply arrangement with a water disinfecting module as outlined above are provided.

Other aspects, objectives and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings incorporated in and forming a part of the specification illustrate several aspects of the present invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a simplified illustration of a water supply arrangement incorporating a water disinfecting module according to the teachings of an embodiment of the invention;

FIGS. 2-4 are illustrations of the water disinfecting module of FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional illustration of the water disinfecting module of FIGS. 2-4 ;

FIGS. 6-8 illustrate a further embodiment of a water disinfecting module;

FIG. 9A illustrates another water disinfecting module of the invention;

FIG. 9B is a right side view of the water disinfecting module of FIG. 9A;

FIG. 9C is a cross-sectional view of the water disinfecting module of FIG. 9B;

FIG. 9D is a cross-sectional view of the water disinfecting module of FIG. 9C;

FIG. 10A is a front view of the cold water UV treatment module of the water disinfecting module of FIG. 9A; and

FIG. 10B is a cross-sectional view of the cold water UV treatment module of FIG. 10A.

FIG. 11 is an exploded view of the cold water UV treatment module of FIG. 10A.

While the invention will be described in connection with certain preferred embodiments, there is no intent to limit it to those embodiments. On the contrary, the intent is to cover all alternatives, modifications and equivalents as included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 is a water supply arrangement 100 that includes a faucet 102 used to dispense water. The faucet 102 includes cold and hot water control valves 104, 106 for controlling the flow of water out of the faucet 102 as well as the mixture of hot and cold water such that a desired temperature of water can be provided. In this embodiment, a sink 108 is below the outlet 110 of the faucet 102. The sink 108 and faucet 102 are operably mounted or supported to a counter 112.

The water supply arrangement 100 includes a water disinfecting module 120 interposed between the faucet and hot and cold water supplies. More particularly, cold and hot water stops 122, 124 that supply cold and hot water, respectively are operably fluidly connected to cold and hot water inlets 126, 128 of the faucet by the water disinfecting module 120 and a plurality of hoses 132, 134, 136, 138.

The disinfecting module 120 includes cold and hot water inlets 140, 142 and cold and hot water outlets 144, 146. Hoses 132, 134, 136, 138 are operably interposed between the various inlets and outlets such that a supply of cold water and a supply of hot water is provided to the faucet 102.

The water disinfecting module 120 also includes a single power supply cable 150 for operably connecting the water disinfecting module 120 to a source of electricity (not shown).

FIGS. 2-4 illustrate the water disinfecting module 120 in more detail. With principle reference to FIG. 2 , the cold and hot water inlets 140, 142 and cold and hot water outlets 144, 146 are preferably provided by connectors that can be easily connected to hoses 132, 134, 136, 138. In the illustrated embodiment, the connectors are provided by threaded connectors. The inlets 140, 142 and outlets 144, 146 extend out of a housing 152 that acts as a frame for supporting the additional components of the water disinfecting module 120.

With reference to FIG. 5 , a cross-sectional illustration of the water disinfecting module 120 is illustrated and the internal cavity 153 of the housing 152 and component housed and supported therein are illustrated.

A cold water flow switch 154 is fluidly interposed between the cold water inlet 140 and cold water outlet 144 that senses a cold water flow from the cold water inlet 140 to the cold water outlet 144. The flow of cold water passes through a cold water UV treatment module 156 fluidly interposed between the cold water inlet 140 and cold water outlet 144 as the cold water flows therebetween. The cold water UV treatment module 156 is operably coupled to the cold water flow switch 154 for activation of the cold water UV treatment module upon sensing of the cold water flow. The cold water inlet 140, cold water flow switch 154, cold water UV treatment module 156 and the cold water outlet 144 define a cold water flow path through the water disinfecting module 120.

Similarly, a hot water flow switch 158 is fluidly interposed between the hot water inlet 142 and hot water outlet 146 that senses a hot water flow from the hot water inlet 142 to the hot water outlet 146. The flow of hot water passes through a hot water UV treatment module 160 fluidly interposed between the hot water inlet 142 and hot water outlet 146 as the hot water flows therebetween. The hot water UV treatment module 160 is operably coupled to the hot water flow switch 158 for activation of the hot water UV treatment module 160 upon sensing of the hot water flow. The hot water inlet 142, hot water flow switch 158, hot water UV treatment module 160 and the hot water outlet 146 define a hot water flow path through the water disinfecting module 120.

When activated and with water flowing therethrough, each UV treatment module 156, 160 exposes the corresponding flow of water to sufficient amounts of Short Wavelength Ultraviolet Light (UV-C) to disinfect the water prior to the water exiting the water disinfecting module 120. In one embodiment, the UV-C is produced by one or more light emitting diodes (LEDs) positioned within the outer case of the UV treatment module 156, 160. In one embodiment, each UV treatment module 156, 160 has a controller 162, 164 that controls the activation of the UV treatment module 156, 160 by receiving the signal indicating water flow from the corresponding water flow switch 154, 158. Each of the controllers 162, 164 would be connected to the single power supply cable 150 such that both UV treatment modules 156, 160 are operably supplied power by a single power supply cable 150.

While the illustrated embodiment of FIGS. 1-5 includes an internal controller for each UV treatment module 156, 160, in other embodiments, a single controller could be provided that operably communicates with both the cold and hot water flow switches 154, 158 and the LEDs of both of the cold and hot water UV treatment modules 156, 160 such that only a single controller is necessary to control disinfecting both hot and cold water flows.

In a further embodiment, a combination of the two prior control arrangements is provided. In such an arrangement, a master controller could communicate with both controllers 162, 164 as discussed above.

The embodiment of FIG. 7 uses a single control board 262 for controlling all operations of the water disinfecting module 220.

A cold water cooling block or reservoir 170 is located adjacent to (e.g. attached to or integrated into) the hot water UV treatment module 160 for cooling the LEDs therein. A cold water bleed line 172 fluidly connects the cold water flow path with the cold water cooling block or reservoir 170 such that a portion of cold water flow may be supplied to the cold water cooling block or reservoir 170. As the portion of cold water flows through the cold water cooling block or reservoir 170, the LEDs therein may be cooled.

The cold water cooling block or reservoir 170 is fluidly connected to the hot water flow path such that after the portion of cold water passes through the cold water bleed line 172 and the cold water cooling block or reservoir 170, the water flows into the hot water flow path. Preferably, the cold water cooling block or reservoir is fluidly connected to the hot water flow path upstream of the hot water UV treatment module 160 (e.g. the LEDs thereof) such that the portion of the cold water flow that passes through the cold water cooling block or reservoir 170 mixes with the hot water flow prior to passing through the hot water UV treatment module 160. Additionally, the cold water bleed line 172 is preferably in fluid communication with the water flow path upstream of the cold water flow switch 154 and the cold water UV treatment module 156. This flow arrangement allows a portion of the cold water to be used for cooling purposes but still allows the cold water to be disinfected, e.g. by the hot water UV treatment module 160 without unnecessarily requiring activation of the cold water UV treatment module 156. More particularly, the portion of cold water that is used for cooling does not flow through the cold water flow switch 154 preventing activation of the cold water UV treatment module 156.

Notably, the cold water bleed line 172 supplies only a very limited flow of cold water to the cold water cooling block or reservoir 170 so as to appreciably cooling the flow of hot water.

A check valve 174 may be provided to prevent hot water from flowing from the hot water flow path through the cold water bleed line 172 to the cold water flow path.

FIG. 8 illustrates a cold water bleed line 272 for an alternative embodiment. In this embodiment, a separate cold water cooling block or reservoir is not required. Cold water simply flows into the hot water UV treatment module 260 from bleed line 272.

With reference to FIG. 2 , the water disinfecting module 120 may include a plurality of LED indicators 180, 182 for providing operational statuses of the disinfecting module 120. In one embodiment, LED 180 is green while LED 182 is red. LED 180 will be active when the water disinfecting module 120 is operating, e.g. when one of the water flow switches 154, 158 senses a corresponding water flow. The red LED 182 will be activated when the end of life of the unit has occurred or is near or alternatively if a fault has been detected. This could be based on a counting of the number of activations of either UV treatment module 156, 160 or an aggregate of activations of both UV treatment modules 156, 160. An alternative time when the red LED 182 could be activated is if a voltage error has been sensed by one of the controllers. For example, if a voltage in the system that is outside of a predetermined appropriate operating range is sensed, the red LED 182 could be activated.

While only two LED indicators are illustrated, more than two could be provided. For instance, in some systems such as the module 220 illustrated in FIG. 6 , three LED indicators 280, 281, 282 will be provided. One LED indicator 280 could be dedicated to indicating whether or not power is being provided to the system while the other two LED 281, 282 indicators are dedicated to a corresponding one of the UV treatment modules 256, 260.

In addition to visual communication of the status of the water disinfecting module 120, some embodiments may include audio notifications of the status. While the audio notifications could be both for normal operation and for faults, the audio notifications will typically be problems with the water disinfecting module 120.

In embodiments, an audio alarm 184 is provided in the system. In the illustrated embodiment, the audio alarm 184 is in communication with controllers 162, 164. However, as noted above, if a single controller is used with both of the UV treatment modules 156, 160, then the alarm 184 would only be connected to that controller.

The audio alarm 184 provides a notification to a user even when the device is out-of-sight, e.g. when it is installed under a sink in a cabinet. More particularly, if the water disinfecting module 120 is under a sink in a cabinet, a user may not readily see the LED indicators 180, 182.

In a preferred embodiment, the water disinfecting module 120 is configured, e.g. the controllers 162, 164 are configured, such that the audio alarm only activates when water is flowing through the system. With this configuration, the alarm 184 is activated and an audio notification is generated when a user is likely in the vicinity of the water disinfecting module 120. As such, when an audio notification is to be generated, this audio notification will only be generated when one of the flow switches 154, 158 sense water flow through the system. Alternatively, the audio notification could be sent for a predetermined period of time or for a predetermined period of time after the flow switches 154, 158 sense a no flow condition.

It is noted that the audio notification need not correspond to the water flow that activates one of the flow switches. For example, if there is a problem with the hot water UV treatment module 160, an audio notification could still be sent if the cold water flow switch 154 senses flow of cold water even if the hot water flow switch 158 does not sense a flow of hot water.

While audio alarm 184 is illustrated as a separate component that is connected to controllers 162, 164, in some embodiments the audio alarm 184 could be in the form of two separate alarms. One audio alarm could be directly provided by or connected to each of the two controllers 162, 164. Alternatively, if a single controller is provided that cooperates with both UV treatment modules 156, 160, then a single audio alarm could be connected to or built into the single controller.

The audio alarm could provide different audio notifications for different actions. For instance, the audio alarm 184 could provide different notifications for activation of the different UV treatment modules 156, 160. Alternatively, the audio alarm 184 could provide different audio notifications for different errors, e.g. different audio notifications between errors for the hot and cold water UV treatment modules 156, 160.

It is a feature of embodiments of the present invention that the water disinfecting module 120 is provided as self-contained and unitary unit. More particularly, the housing (frame), hot and cold water flow switches, hot and cold water UV treatment modules and power supply cable are a self-contained and unitary unit. Such a self-contained and unitary unit shall not encompass a plurality of disinfecting modules simply mounted between a faucet and corresponding hot and cold water supplies. Further, the claimed frame shall not include a wall, sink, cabinet or counter top to which the hot and cold water flow switches, hot and cold water UV treatment modules and power supply cable may be mounted.

Housing 152 may have one or more removable panels to allow for servicing of the unit as well as to facilitate assembly.

By providing the water disinfecting module 120 as a self-contained and unitary unit, retrofitting existing faucet or other water supply arrangement installations can be made easy while reducing components (e.g. multiple power supplies and controls for multiple independent UV treatment modules).

Methods of assembling a water supply arrangement are contemplated. More particularly, a method may include supply the water disinfecting module 120 with the cold and hot water inlets 140, 142, cold and hot water outlets 144, 146, cold and hot water UV treatment modules 156, 160, the cold and hot water flow switches 154, 158 and power cord 150 in a fully assembled state mounted to frame 152 to the point of use (e.g. the location of the faucet), prior to performing the following steps: connecting the faucet cold water inlet operably to the cold water outlet of the unit; connecting the faucet hot water inlet operably to the hot water outlet of the unit; connecting a supply of hot water to the hot water inlet of the unit; and connecting a supply of cold water to the cold water inlet of the unit. Again, this method emphasizes the modular nature of the water disinfecting module 120 of providing a hot and cold water disinfecting system.

The method may also include steps of disconnecting the faucet from the hot and cold water supplies prior to the steps of connecting the water disinfecting module 120 between the hot and cold water supplies and the faucet. This again is focused on the beneficial retrofit nature.

Finally, a method may include mounting the water disinfecting module 120 to a sink, a counter, a cabinet, vanity, wall, the floor proximate the faucet to which the disinfected water will be supplied. The method may include simultaneously mounting the cold and hot water inlets 140, 142, cold and hot water outlets 144, 146, cold and hot water UV treatment modules 156, 160, the cold and hot water flow switches 154, 158 and power cord 150 to such a support structure simultaneously by mounting the frame of the water disinfecting module 120 to such a support structure. Again, this would not entail independent mounting of the various components.

In FIG. 5 , the water disinfecting module 120 includes a Building Automation System connector 190 (BAS connector 190). This allows the water disinfecting module 120 to be hardwired into a Building Automation System of a building. This will allow for status information of the operation of the water disinfecting module 120 to be communicated to a user via the Building Automation System. Some information that may be communicated will include whether the water disinfecting module 120 is active (e.g. one or both UV treatment modules 156, 160 are active); whether an error or fault has occurred in the water disinfecting module 120 (e.g. if one or both UV treatment modules 156, 160 or other components are working improperly or not at all); whether power is being supplied to the UV treatment module(s) 156, 160; general fault errors; etc.

In some embodiments, the BAS connector 190 is in the form of a 6-pin connector, see e.g. connector 290 of FIG. 8 .

FIGS. 9A-9D illustrate another water disinfecting module of the invention having cold water inlet 140, cold water flow switch 154 (shown in FIG. 9D), cold water UV treatment module 156, cold water outlet 144, hot water inlet 142, hot water flow switch 158 (shown in FIG. 9D), hot water UV treatment module 160 and hot water outlet 146. In this embodiment, a cold water flow path extends between the cold water inlet 140 and cold water outlet 144. A hot water flow path extends between the hot water inlet 142 and hot water outlet 146. The embodiment further includes a cold water reservoir 170 (shown in FIGS. 9C-9D) adjacent the hot water UV treatment module for cooling UV LEDS within the UV treatment module. A cold water bleed line 172 fluidly connects the cold water flow path with the cold water reservoir 170 such that a portion of the cold water flow is supplied to the cold water reservoir. The cold water reservoir is fluidly connected to the hot water flow path such that after the portion of cold water passes through the cold water bleed line and the cold water reservoir, the water flows into the hot water flow path. The bleed line is located within the housing and/or supported by the frame.

The purpose of cold water bleed line 172 is to provide adequate water cooling to UV source(s) located within the hot water UV treatment module 160. The cold water bleed line is plumbed from the cold water flow path to the hot water flow path. The cold water bleed line outlet into the hot water flow path comprises two segments in series.

The first segment is an unsprung check valve 174 (shown in FIGS. 9C-9D), which only allows flow of cold water into the hot flow path. Hot water flow into the cold water bleed line is blocked by this check valve. The size of the check valve orifice is designed to provide a mixing ratio range in the range of about 1:10 to about 1:20, typically about 1:13 to about 1:17, cold water:hot water. This ratio is selected to not significantly lower the temperature of the fluid exiting the hot water module while also maintaining sufficient cooling for the UV source(s). The mixing ratio range is dependent on equal static pressure existing at the cold water inlet 140 and hot water inlet 142. Differences in supply pressure at the two inlets can be adjusted by using a flow restricting orifice on the higher pressure side.

The second segment is a cold water reservoir 170 that is thermally coupled to the UV source(s) in the hot water flow path, for example, via a thermally conductive shell. This reservoir minimizes the cold and hot water mixing to provide adequate cooling to the UV source(s). The reservoir is designed such that the cold water predominantly provides cooling to the UV source(s) while minimizing any hot water thermally coupled to the UV source(s).

In one embodiment, the pressure differential in the hot water module causes cold water to flow in the bleed line and through the check valve orifice into the cold water reservoir. The pressure differential in the hot water module is created by the hot water outlet being opened to atmosphere at the faucet. The cold water reservoir is constructed such that the hot and cold water do not mix until after the thermally conductive shell of the hot water side UV sources.

In one embodiment the flow switches comprise a magnet and shuttle. Fluid flow pushes the magnet into proximity of a circuit board housed within a metal shell which contains the UV source(s) of the UV treatment module. The metal shell also serves as a thermal conductor to remove heat from the circuit board and UV source(s) via the flow of the fluid on the exterior or back side of the metal shell, opposite the side containing the UV source(s).

In another embodiment the flow switches are comprised of two thermal sensors where one sensor is held at a thermal constant and the other sensor is in thermal contact with the fluid. The differential between the two sensors is used to determine if water is flowing.

In one embodiment the flow switches comprise a magnet and shuttle. Fluid flow pushes the magnet into proximity of a circuit board housed within the pressure vessel. The circuit board sends a signal to another circuit board, which may also be housed within the pressure vessel. One of the circuit boards also contains the UV sources and the signal is used to turn the UV sources on.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 10A, 10B and 11 , the cold water flow switch 154 of cold water UV treatment module 156 is designed to autocalibrate based on the position of the shuttle. The flow switch is comprised of an analog Hall-effect sensor 300 and a flow shuttle. The flow shuttle is comprised of a shuttle body 303, a magnet 301, a spring 302, a UV lamp assembly 304, and a thermally conductive, e.g., metal, shell 305. Similarly, hot water flow switch 158 of hot water UV treatment module 160 is designed to autocalibrate based on the position of the shuttle, and is comprised of an analog Hall-effect sensor and a flow shuttle comprised of a shuttle body, magnet, and spring. Fluid flow pushes the magnet into proximity of a circuit board housed within the shell which contains the UV source(s) of the UV treatment module. The shell 305 also serves as a thermal conductor to remove heat from the circuit board and UV source(s) via the flow of the fluid on the back side of the shell, opposite the side containing the UV source(s).

When the firmware boots up, it first checks to see whether the restart is caused by power removal (unplugging the circuit) or an internal hardware reset (like a system crash). If the restart is from power removal, a measurement of the current shuttle position is made using an analog Hall-effect detector. This measurement is assumed to correspond to the “off” position of the shuttle, and is saved in internal memory. The Hall-effect detector is monitored continuously and if the value increases relative to the “off” position sufficiently, flow is assumed to have begun and the UV source is switched on. Once the Hall-effect detector value decreases sufficiently, the flow is assumed to have stopped and the UV source is deactivated.

If the restart is from a hardware reset, because the restart could occur by accident, it is not safe to assume that water currently is not flowing. Thus, instead of recalibrating the flow-switch, the system retrieves the last good flow-switch “off” position value from internal memory and uses that instead.

All references, including publications, patent applications, and patents cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each reference were individually and specifically indicated to be incorporated by reference and were set forth in its entirety herein.

The use of the terms “a” and “an” and “the” and similar referents in the context of describing the invention (especially in the context of the following claims) is to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The terms “comprising,” “having,” “including,” and “containing” are to be construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning “including, but not limited to,”) unless otherwise noted. Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention unless otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention.

Preferred embodiments of this invention are described herein, including the best mode known to the inventors for carrying out the invention. Variations of those preferred embodiments may become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing description. The inventors expect skilled artisans to employ such variations as appropriate, and the inventors intend for the invention to be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein. Accordingly, this invention includes all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter recited in the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicable law. Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in all possible variations thereof is encompassed by the invention unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. 

1. A water disinfecting module comprising: a frame supporting a hot water inlet, a hot water outlet, a cold water inlet and a cold water outlet; a hot water flow path extending between the hot water inlet and the hot water outlet; a hot water flow switch for sensing a hot water flow along the hot water flow path; a hot water ultraviolet (UV) treatment module comprising a hot-water UV light emitting diode (LED), the hot water UV treatment module fluidly interposed in the hot water flow path and operably coupled to the hot water flow switch for activation of the hot water UV LED upon sensing of the hot water flow; a cold water flow path extending between the cold water inlet and the cold water outlet; a cold water flow switch for sensing a cold water flow along the cold water path; a cold water UV treatment module comprising a cold-water UV LED, the cold water UV treatment module fluidly interposed in the cold water flow path and operably coupled to the cold water flow switch for activation of the cold water UV LED upon sensing of the cold water flow; a cold water cooling block or reservoir fluidly interposed in and fluidly connected to the hot water flow path upstream of the hot water UV treatment module; a cold water bleed line fluidly connecting the cold water flow path with the cold water cooling block or reservoir, such that a portion of the cold water flow in the cold water flow path is supplied to the cold water cooling block or reservoir, cools the hot-water UV LED within the hot water UV treatment module, flows from the cold water cooling block or reservoir into the hot water flow path, and mixes with the hot water flow prior to passing through the hot water UV treatment module; a means for preventing hot water from the hot water flow path from flowing through the cold water bleed line to the cold water flow path, and a means for providing a mixing ratio of cold water flow through the cold water bleed line to the hot water flow through the hot water flow path in the range of about 1:10 to about 1:20.
 2. The water disinfecting module of claim 1, wherein the frame is a housing having an internal cavity with the hot and cold-water flow switches and hot and cold water UV treatment modules being located within the internal cavity.
 3. The water disinfecting module of claim 2, further comprising a controller operably coupling the hot water flow switch with the hot water UV treatment module to activate the hot water UV treatment module upon sensing the flow of hot water, the controller operably coupling the cold water flow switch with the cold water UV treatment module to activate the cold water UV treatment module upon sensing the flow of cold water, the controller supported by the housing and located within the internal cavity.
 4. The water disinfecting module of claim 2, further comprising a single power supply cable passing into the internal cavity of the housing, power for powering the hot and cold water UV treatment modules being operably provided by the single power supply cable.
 5. The water disinfecting module of claim 4, wherein the housing, hot and cold-water flow switches, hot and cold-water UV treatment modules and power supply cable are a self-contained and unitary unit.
 6. The water disinfecting module of claim 1, further including at least one LED indicator that can be selectively activated to provide an operational state of the water disinfecting module.
 7. The water disinfecting module of claim 1, further comprising a flow restricting orifice to provide equal static pressure at the cold water inlet and the hot water inlet.
 8. A water disinfecting module comprising: a frame supporting a hot water inlet, a hot water outlet, a cold water inlet and a cold water outlet; a hot water flow path extending between the hot water inlet and the hot water outlet; a hot water flow switch for sensing a hot water flow along the hot water flow path; a hot water ultraviolet (UV) treatment module comprising a hot-water UV light emitting diode (LED), the hot water UV treatment module fluidly interposed in the hot water flow path and operably coupled to the hot water flow switch for activation of the hot water UV LED upon sensing of the hot water flow; a cold water flow path extending between the cold water inlet and the cold water outlet; a cold water flow switch for sensing a cold water flow along the cold water path; a cold water UV treatment module comprising a cold-water UV LED, the cold water UV treatment module fluidly interposed in the cold water flow path and operably coupled to the cold water flow switch for activation of the cold water UV LED upon sensing of the cold water flow; a cold water cooling block or reservoir fluidly interposed in and fluidly connected to the hot water flow path upstream of the hot water UV treatment module; a cold water bleed line fluidly connecting the cold water flow path with the cold water cooling block or reservoir, such that a portion of the cold water flow in the cold water flow path is supplied to the cold water cooling block or reservoir, cools the hot-water UV LED within the hot water UV treatment module, flows from the cold water cooling block or reservoir into the hot water flow path, and mixes with the hot water flow prior to passing through the hot water UV treatment module; and a means for preventing hot water flow from the hot water flow path through the cold water bleed line to the cold water flow path, wherein said cold water cooling block or reservoir minimizes a mixing of hot water within the cold water cooling block or reservoir, to minimize the hot water thermally coupled to the hot water UV LED to maintain cooling of the UV LED by the portion of the cold water flow.
 9. The water disinfecting module of claim 8, wherein a pressure differential in the hot water UV treatment module causes cold water to flow in the cold water bleed line and through the means for preventing hot water flow into the cold water cooling block or reservoir, said pressure differential being created by the hot water outlet being opened to atmosphere at a faucet, and the hot and cold water do not mix until after passing a thermally conductive shell of the hot water UV LED.
 10. The water disinfecting module of claim 9, said means for preventing hot water flow having an orifice designed to provide a mixing ratio of cold water:hot water in the range of about 1:10 to about 1:20.
 11. The water disinfecting module of claim 10, further comprising a controller operably coupling the hot water flow switch with the hot water UV treatment module to activate the hot water UV treatment module upon sensing the flow of hot water, the controller operably coupling the cold water flow switch with the cold water UV treatment module to activate the cold water UV treatment module upon sensing the flow of cold water, the controller supported by the housing and located within the internal cavity. 12.-20. (canceled)
 21. A water disinfecting module comprising: a frame supporting a hot water inlet, a hot water outlet, and a cold water inlet; a hot water flow switch fluidly interposed between the hot water inlet and hot water outlet sensing a hot water flow from the hot water inlet to the hot water outlet, the hot water flow switch supported by the frame; a hot water UV treatment module fluidly interposed between the hot water inlet and hot water outlet, the hot water UV treatment module operably coupled to the hot water flow switch for activation of the hot water UV treatment module upon sensing of the hot water flow, the hot water UV treatment module supported by the frame; wherein a cold water flow path extends from the cold water inlet; a hot water flow path extends between the hot water inlet and hot water outlet; a cold water cooling block or reservoir is adjacent the hot water UV treatment module for cooling UV LEDS within the UV treatment module; a cold water bleed line fluidly connects the cold water flow path with the cold water cooling block or reservoir to supply cold water flow to the cold water cooling block or reservoir; the cold water cooling block or reservoir is fluidly connected to the hot water flow path such that after the supplied cold water passes through the cold water bleed line and the cold water cooling block or reservoir, the water flows into the hot water flow path; the cold water cooling block or reservoir is fluidly connected to the hot water flow path upstream of the hot water UV treatment module such that the portion of the cold water flow that passes through the cold water cooling block or reservoir mixes with the hot water flow prior to passing through the hot water UV treatment module; and a check valve prevents hot water from flowing from the hot water flow path through the cold water bleed line to the cold water flow path, and said cold water cooling block or reservoir minimizes the cold and hot water mixing to provide cooling of the UV LEDS while minimizing hot water thermally coupled to the UV LEDS. 